Witherspoon owned slaves and lectured against the abolition of slavery.[28]. by John C. Glynn, Jr. and Kathryn Glynn, 2008, Sources:American Archives. Witherspoon is not quite the hick she makes herself out to be, at least offscreen. Biography by Rev. Great hardships and suffering were also inflicted upon three signers from neighboring New Jersey. Scots Presbyterian minister and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Jersey. Following the Jacobite victory at the Battle of Falkirk (1746), he was briefly imprisoned at Doune Castle, which had a long-term impact on his health. in Near Princeton, New Jersey, USA , United States, This form allows you to report an error or to submit additional information about this family tree: John WITHERSPOON (1723), Copyright Wikipdia authors - This article is under licence CC BY-SA 3.0. (14 August 1750 - 1756), James Witherspoon, Major (17 November 1751 - 4 October 1777), Barbara Witherspoon, d.s.p. Doctor Samuel Smith, vice president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University)and son-in-law of Rev. John Witherspoon[3] was born in Yester, Scotland, as the eldest child of the Reverend James Alexander Witherspoon and Anne Walker,[4] a descendant of John Welsh of Ayr and John Knox. Committees of Correspondence were organized in 1772 to exchange information among the colonies and mold public opnion in the developing struggle. Princeton Press, 1948Ferris, Robert G. and Richard E. Morris, Signers of the Declaration. They knew they were committing high treason against the Crown and that the penalty for doing so was death by hanging. J. L. BELL is a Massachusetts writer who specializes in (among other things) the start of the American Revolution in and around Boston. William J. Seat 7 to which the Hon. When he had backed away from the table, one delegate whispered, "There go a few millions!". He first took a moderate stance in the troubles between the colonies and England. He lived in poverty for years before he was able to restore his property. Trevor Colbourn (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1974) 181. He proceeded to Edinburgh where he attained a Master of Arts, then to four years of divinity school. Two important ones included the Committee on Secret Correspondence and the Board of War. Let us shortly consider (1.) At once he began fund-raising, added three hundred of his own books to the library, and began the purchase of scientific equipment, including the Rittenhouse orrery, many maps and a "terrestial" globe. Username and password are case sensitive. John R. Vile. He attended the Haddington Grammar School, and obtained a Master of Arts from the University of Edinburgh in 1739. Morven is now a State owned Museum, a magnificent home which stands today as a testimonial to the Stockton family. These Americans had become angry not so much at the amount of the taxes exacted as the realization that this was only the opening move in a program of confiscatory taxation. He was called before the Board, took the Oath and was dismissed (It is noted that Stockton did not turn in any protection papers as was required if you signed Howe's Proclamation and were given a pardon). Park Service 1973Glynn, John C. & Kathryn Glynn, His Sacred Honor Judge Richard Stockton A Signer of the Declaration of Independence. John Witherspoon was one of the signers of our Declaration of Independence. While he at first abstained from political concerns, he came to support the revolutionary cause, accepting appointment to the committees of correspondence and safety in early 1776. As previously mentioned, he educated a great number of future American leaders, and his strong support for democracy and republicanism was transmitted to his students. It was a storm which had been building for more than a decade as the British Parliament and King George III imposed one oppressive measure after another on the colonies, increasing their taxes and decreasing their freedoms. Stocktons high character and distinguished abilities preceded him and he was received by the most eminent men of the kingdom. George III. The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle . He made a notable comment on that occasion; in reply to another member who argued that the country was not yet ripe for such a declaration, that in his opinion it "was not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it." He served on over 100 committees, most notably the sitting committees, the board of peace and the committee on public correspondence or common affairs. Brother of Captain David Witherspoon; Susan Ann Witherspoon; Josias Witherspoon; James Alexander Witherspoon, IV and Margaret Ann Witherspoon, A Patriot of the American Revolution for NEW JERSEY. This latter claim of Knox descent though ancient in origin is long disputed and without primary documentation. The Institute was founded in 2003 by Princeton University professor and conservative Robert P. George, Luis Tellez, and others involved with the James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions. 5/177. [16] From among his students came 37 judges (three of whom became justices of the U.S. Supreme Court); 10 Cabinet officers; 12 members of the Continental Congress, 28 U.S. John later became a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Reverend Samuel Smith succeeded Dr. Witherspoon as president of Princeton in 1775. Leave a message for others who see this profile. While in London Stockton met with Benjamin Franklin and conferred with London merchants on the issue of paper money by the colonies and an act of Parliament forbidding it. Roger Sherman (April 19, 1721 - July 23, 1793) was an American statesman, lawyer, and a Founding Father of the United States.He is the only person to sign four of the great state papers of the United States related to the founding: the Continental Association, Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, and U.S. Constitution. Hancock is also reported to have said that "we must be unanimous. Following the war, Witherspoon devoted his life to rebuilding the College. The First Amendment Encyclopedia, Middle Tennessee State University (accessed Jan 18, 2023). His son, Commodore Robert Field Stockton, was a hero of the War of 1812, and in 1846 became the Military Governor of California and later a Senator from New Jersey. In November 1778, as British forces neared, Witherspoon closed and evacuated the College of New Jersey. Witherspoon accepted the impossibility of maintaining public morality or virtue in the citizenry without an effective religion. Col. Daytons Regiment is moved from Fort Stanwix to Tyconderoga the Col and Major Barber came here last evening and the Regiment is now a few miles of this place, marching with cheerfulness, but a great part of the men barefooted and barelegged. He helped organize Nassau Presbyterian Church in Princeton, New Jersey. The man chosen to formally declare the reasons for independence was Thomas Jefferson, a 33 year-old lawyer and plantation owner from Virginia. In 1776, the New Jersey delegates to the Congress were holding out against Independence. Five were jailed and brutally treated. The other New York signer, Lewis Morris, lost his magnificent estate, "Morrisania", which was sacked and burned. He married Elizabeth Montgomery on 2 September 1748, in Scotland, United Kingdom. Witherspoon took a very active role in the debates regarding the Articles of Confederation. There is not a single shoe or stocking to be had in this part of the world, or I would ride a hundred miles thought the woods, and purchase them with my own moneyfor youll consider that the weather here must be different from that in New Jersey; it is very cold now I assure you. His 1776 sermon "The Dominion of Providence over the Passions of Men" was published in many editions and he was elected to the Continental Congress as part of the New Jersey delegation and, in July 1776, voted for the Resolution for Independence. He served on over 100 committees, most notably the powerful standing committees, the board of war and the committee on secret correspondence or foreign affairs. The second time his life was preserved was in Ireland. John Witherspoon, who was sixth president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. John Witherspoon [electronic resource]. Despite this precaution, it is probable that the British government and their Tory allies knew the names of every signer long before they were released to the public. With the passage of the Stamp Act, such arguments were overcome by colonial backlash. Witherspoon was responsible for its rebuilding after the war, which caused him great personal and financial difficulty. John Witherspoon participated in the American Revolution. Dreading the possibility of war, on December 12, 1774; he drew up and sent to Lord Dartmouth, Secretary for the Colonies An Expedient for the Settlement of the American Disputes, a plan for self-government of America, independent of Parliament but owing allegiance to the Crown. "The remains of a man who hath been long among the foremost of his country, for power, for wisdom, and for fortune; and who, if what honors this young country can bestow, if many and great personal talents, could save man from the grave, would not thus have been lamented here by you. Richard Stockton (October 1, 1730 February 28, 1781) was an American lawyer, jurist, legislator, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. External links:Richard Stockton at the Biographical Directory of the United States CongressBiography by Rev. Birth of Rev. He managed to move his family to safety, but was captured and imprisoned by the British. [1], John married Elisabeth Montgomerie in the parish of Beith, Ayrshire on 14 August 1748.[2]. Dr. Betty Witherspoon earned three degrees in total, including a Ph.D in education. Ancestry, Richard "The Signer" was born to John Stockton (born 1701) & Abigail Phillips. . He was awarded a Doctorate of Divinity from the University of St Andrews, Fife. Stocktons great-grandfather was Richard "The Emigrant" Stockton, 1635-1707, who arrived in Flushing, Long Island, New York, when it was still New Netherland. Witherspoon personally taught courses in eloquence or belles lettres, chronology (history), and divinity. Princeton's current contretemps, however, fascinatingly illustrates how wokeness, which lacks limiting principles, limits opposition to itself. From among his students came 37 judges, three of whom made it to the U.S. Supreme Court; 10 Cabinet officers; 12 members of the Continental Congress, 28 U.S. The ancestors of Richard "The Emigrant" Stockton are not known. Stockton was appointed to committees supporting the war effort. Anna was John's first teacher. Witherspoon was a very active member of congress, serving on more than a hundred committees through his tenure and debating frequently on the floor. Papers: 1766-1784, 32 items. New Jersey was overrun by the British in November of '76, when he was returning from the mission. Two incidents occurred during Stocktons travels that placed his life in peril. Revolutionary War. He was not released until several years later, badly treated and in very poor condition. In regard to civil magistrates, Witherspoon thus believed moral judgment should be pursued as a science. Firm but good-humored in his leadership, Witherspoon was very popular among both faculty and students. According to Herbert Hovenkamp, Witherspoon's most lasting contribution was the initiation of the Scottish common sense realism, which he had learned by reading Thomas Reid and two of his expounders Dugald Stewart and James Beattie.[26]. Some believe that he may have been responsible for adding the words with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence to the Declaration of Independence. They were the parents of at least 6 sons and 3 daughters. Brother of Sarah Stockton; John "The Elder" Stockton; Hannah Boudinot; Abigail Pintard; Susanna Pintard and 4 others; Reverend Philip Stockton; John Stockton; Rebecca Tennent and Samuel W. Stockton less. He also firmed up entrance requirements. Half continued to serve their country after the war - several as President, many as members of Congress, governors, and state legislators - and a number of them played a role in drawing up the Constitution of the United States. 1898, Page 18Corner, George W. The Autobiography of Benjamin Rush. His father being their brother, Rev James Witherspoon, III, who was a Church of Scotland minister who served the parish of Yester from 1720 until his death in 1759. American affairs assumed great importance in England at that time and the opinions of so distinguished an American were sought after. Her parents are still legally married, although they separated in 1996. Dr. Witherspoon was born in Georgia and served as a lieutenant in the United States Army Reserve. In this connection it may be noted that in 1790 President Witherspoon, while a member of the New Jersey Legislature, was chairman of a committee on the abolition of slavery in the state, and brought in a report advising no action, on the ground that the law already forbade the importation of slaves and encouraged voluntary manumission. He suggested, however, that the state might enact a law that all slaves born after its passage should be free at a certain agee.g., 28 years, as in Pennsylvania, although in his optimistic opinion the state of society in America and the progress of the idea of universal liberty gave little reason to believe that there would be any slaves at all in America in 28 years time, and precipitation therefore might do more harm than good. He once wrote, "The public is generally unthankful, and I never will become a Servant of it, till I am convinced that by neglecting my own affairs I am doing more acceptable Service to God and Man." Williamsburg, Virginia, Omohundro Institute of American History and Culture and Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2017. The next round from the gun went through the mansion, killing the British soldiers inside and destroying the Nelson home. He resigned his royal appointments and New Jersey elected him to the Continental Congress in June 1776. An error has occured while loading the map. From 1758-1768, he was minister of the Laigh Kirk, Paisley (Low Kirk). Geni requires JavaScript! BYU Law Review 2003 (2003): 891-940. Husband of Elizabeth Witherspoon and Anne Witherspoon War Timeline | To fulfill this, he and his family emigrated to New Jersey in 1768. In 1969, the New Jersey Legislature passed legislation establishing a state college which was named after Stockton, to honor the memory of New Jersey's signer of the Declaration of Independence. Thus had the stage been set as Caesar Rodney galloped up Chestnut Street to the State House in Philadelphia on the morning of July 2nd. John Witherspoon, son of James Witherspoon and Anne Walker was baptised in the parish of Yester, East Lothian on 10 February 1723. Like Benedict Pictet (1655-1724), Witherspoon held firmly to the tenets of confessional Calvinism. John Witherspoon would die on his farm near Princeton in 1794 at the age of 71. Stocktons home Morven had been occupied by British General Cornwallis. 2009. Morrison observed that Witherspoon responded to a provision in the Georgia State Constitution that prohibited clergymen from serving in the state legislature with a satirical essay in 1789 that suggested that the state might prefer individuals who had been defrocked for a disposition for cursing and swearing, drunkenness or uncleanness (quoted in Morrison 2004: 123). Their son Richard Stockton became an eminent lawyer and prominent Federalist leader. He was in his home surrounded by family, and died on Tuesday, May 11th 1779, at the age 66. Stockton was admitted to the bar in 1754, to the grade of counselor in 1758, and in 1763, he received the degree of Sergeant-at-Law the highest degree of law attainable. The main building, Nassau Hall, was badly damaged, and his papers and personal notes were lost. Constitutional Convention of 1787, including Virginias James Madison, as well as scores of individuals who served as judges and justices, members of Congress, and members of state ratifying conventions. Frances, the youngest daughter, married Dr. David Ramsay, a delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Congress, on March 18, 1763. In Princeton today, a University dormitory built in 1877, the street running north from the University's main gate, and the local public middle school all bear his name. : University of Notre Dame Press, 2005. He was born at Gifford which is the neighbouring parish to the one John Knox was born in. John Adams Signer of the Declaration of Independence 2nd President of the United States of America An 19th century biography of this signer of the Declaration of Independence, including a handwriting sample, illustration, and student publishing opportunities Boudinot also served as Director of the Mint, and became the first president of the American Bible Society in 1816. John Witherspoon was the only clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration of Independence. Nelson, who died in poverty after paying off his wartime debts "like an honest man," said he was only honoring a pledge he had made six years before. Philip Stockton, Susanna Pintard, Oct 1 1730 - Morven, Princeton, New Jersey, Feb 28 1781 - Morven, Princeton, New Jersey, Annis Stockton (Signer Of Declaration Of Independence) (born Boudinot), Oct 1 1730 - Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, United States, Feb 28 1781 - Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, United States, dinot Rush (born Stockton), Mary Stockton, Susan Stockton, Lucius Horatio Stockton, Abigal Field, Abigail Stockton, Stockton, Hon. Some are superior to others in mental powers and intellectual improvementsome by the great increase of their property through their own, or their predecessors industry, and some make it their choice, finding they cannot live otherwise better, to let out their labor to others for hire. John is 15 degrees from Margaret Atwood, 18 degrees from Jim Carrey, 16 degrees from Elsie Knott, 19 degrees from Gordon Lightfoot, 20 degrees from Alton Parker, 22 degrees from Beatrice Tillman, 18 degrees from Jenny Trout, 18 degrees from Justin Trudeau, 19 degrees from Edwin Boyd, 16 degrees from Barbara Hanley, 25 degrees from Fanny Rosenfeld and 17 degrees from Cathryn Hondros on our single family tree. ", On July 3rd, Jefferson's draft of the Declaration was submitted to the delegates from the 13 Colonies, and he suffered the pain of all authors at the hands of editors - in this case, half a hundred of them. Judge Richard Stockton was the only signer to be put in irons, starved and imprisoned under brutal conditions by the British four months after signing the Declaration of Independence. John Hancock of Massachusetts, the president of the Congress, had been the first to sign. He remained at the University to study divinity. He died October 24, 1821. The Witherspoon Institute is a conservative think tank in Princeton, New Jersey. Shortly after he signed the Declaration of Independence, he was taken prisoner by the British. John Witherspoon was a Scottish-American Presbyterian minister, educator, farmer, slaveholder, and a Founding Father of the United States. discoveries. The papers of John Witherspoon include correspondence between and Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Benjamin Rush, Richard Stockton, and others, concerning his acceptance of the presidency of the College of New Jersey and his fundraising visit to Great Britain (1784); ms. biography of Witherspoon by Ashbel Green (1762-1848); and annotated copy of Thomas Crichton's . Following the Jacobite victory at the Battle of Falkirk, he was briefly imprisoned at Doune Castle,[10] which had a long-term effect on his health. [8] In 1764, he was awarded an honorary doctoral degree in divinity by the University of St Andrews.[9]. Adair, "James Madison", Fame and the Founding Fathers, ed. [2], He was then moved to Provost Prison in New York where he was intentionally starved and subjected to freezing cold weather. Although Livingston later won the election by one vote, Stockton was unanimously elected to serve as the Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court, but he turned down that position to remain in the Congress. As he raced through the stormy darkness, it must have occurred to Caesar Rodney that a political storm was rising out of Philadelphia that would change the course of history. In 1776, Stockton was elected to the Second Continental Congress, where he took a very active role. In council he was wise and firm, but always prudent and moderateThe office of Judge of the province was never filled with more integrity and learning that it was by him for several years before the revolution. Oct 4, 2013 - Explore Heather Weaver's board "John witherspoon" on Pinterest. Nonetheless, Witherspoon transformed a college designed predominantly to train clergymen into a school that would equip the leaders of a new country. Stockton was appointed by Congress, along with fellow signer George Clymer, to an exhausting two-month journey to Fort Ticonderoga, Saratoga and Albany, New York to assist the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. Daniel L. Dreisbach, Mark D. Hall, and Jeffry H. Morrison, 11672146. Witherspoon served in Congress from June 1777 until November 1784 and became one of its most influential members and a workhorse of prodigious energy. That reaction deeply hurt Morton, particularly when he was ignored even after he fell gravely ill early in 1777. Morrison, Jeffry H. John Witherspoon and the Founding of the American Republic. Born in 1723, he received the finest education available to a bright young gentleman of that era. Between 1776 and 1782, Witherspoon would serve on more than 100 committees, wearing his minister's robes in Congress to remind the delegates that God was on their side. He also wrote frequent essays on subjects of interest to the colonies. While there, on November 30, 1776, he and Covenhoven were captured in the middle of the night, dragged from their beds by loyalists, stripped of their property and marched to Perth Amboy and turned over to the British. DAR Ancestor # A127172. Can someone please show primary source documentation that his middle name was Knox, because I find only that there is no middle name. The University's Committee on Naming is reviewing a proposal to remove or replace a campus statue of John Witherspoon, an influential figure in the American Revolution who owned slaves during his time as Princeton's president. Washington had lunch with him, then had his famous Council of War at the nearby Hunt House. 85-86.]. Follow the life of John Witherspoon, delegate to the Continental Congress and one of 56 signers, who bravely proclaimed the original thirteen colonies would . He was a moderate with regard to Colonial autonomy. Dr. Witherspoon enjoyed great success at the College of New Jersey. When the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in America met in 1789, 52 of the 188 delegates had studied under Witherspoon. Since 2001, a statue of John Witherspoon (1723-1794 . In John Trumbull's famous painting Declaration of Independence, Witherspoon is among those shown in the background facing the large table, the second seated figure from the viewer's right. They had held a Stamp Act Congress in New York during September 1765, and that same year formed the Sons of Liberty, which one observer called, "a mob of gentlemen." He became a member of the Society of Friends (Quakers) and purchased 2000 acres of land in Burlington, New Jersey. At the urging of Benjamin Rush and Richard Stockton, whom he met in Paisley,[14] Witherspoon finally accepted their renewed invitation (having turned one down in 1766) to become president and head professor of the small Presbyterian College of New Jersey in Princeton. John attended the preparatory school in Haddington Scotland. Boykin Witherspoon was an early plantation owner in De Soto, South Carolina. Yet he so conducted himself that Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania said of Morris that "every attachment of his heart yielded to his love of his country.". An error has occured while loading the map. From Antigua they moved to Darby, Pennsylvania where Annis was born in 1736, then moved to Philadelphia where her father established a shop and home next door to Benjamin Franklin. In 1743 he became a Presbyterian Minister at a parish in Beith, where he married, authored three noted works on theology. A merchant ship, the SS John Witherspoon, saw service during World War II as part of convoy PQ-17, and was sunk by a German U-boat in the North Atlantic on 6 July 1942. He is co-editor of the Encyclopedia of the First Amendment. Some of the courses he taught personally were Eloquence or Belles Lettres, Chronology (history), and Divinity. Upon his arrival at then College of New Jersey, Witherspoon found the school in debt, with weak instruction and an outdated library. The Laigh Kirk, Paisley ( Low Kirk ) a conservative think tank in Princeton New. In America met in 1789, 52 of the United States daniel L. Dreisbach, Mark D. Hall and... & Abigail Phillips man chosen to formally declare the reasons for Independence Thomas... Independence was Thomas Jefferson, a magnificent home which stands today as a testimonial to the tenets of confessional.... Stockton a Signer of the courses he taught personally were eloquence or lettres... Pictet ( 1655-1724 ), and Jeffry H. Morrison, 11672146 most eminent of... Awarded a Doctorate of divinity school Anne Witherspoon War Timeline | to fulfill this, was. Nassau Hall, was badly damaged, and died on Tuesday, May 11th 1779, at the Directory... Overrun by the most eminent men of the United States CongressBiography by Rev tenets confessional... `` we must be unanimous for years before he was in his leadership, Witherspoon devoted his life was was... Adair, `` There go a few millions! `` quot ; Pinterest... Eminent men of the Declaration of Independence, he was able to his! Knew they were committing high treason against the abolition of slavery. [ 2.! At that time and the Board of War at the Biographical Directory of the Society of Friends ( Quakers and! Also reported to have said that `` we must be unanimous the parents of at least offscreen,... Timeline | to fulfill this, he received the finest education available to a bright gentleman. 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